RivyLanders458
出典: くみこみックス
What's Kratom
Kratom refers back to the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth., a tree indigenous to Thailand; it is mostly grown within the central and southern regions of the country, and just rarely in the north. The Mitragyna genus, part of the family Rubiaceae, is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Asian Mitragynas in many cases are found in rainforests, as the African species (which are sometimes still classed inside a separate genus, Hallea) in many cases are found in swamps. Most species are arborescent, some reaching heights of almost 100 feet. The genus was given its name by Korthals since the stigmas within the first species he examined resembled the form of a bishop's mitre. This genus is characterized by a globular flowering head, bearing up to 120 florets each. Throughout the flower bud stage, the developing florets are surrounded and completely covered by numerous overlapping bracteoles. Mitragyna species are utilized medicinally and for their fine timber through the areas they grow.
Kratom is traditionally only used in Thailand, although some use in Malaysia continues to be reported. Besides kratom (or krathom), it also passes what they are called ithang, kakuam, and in southern regions, thom. Use dates far enough back that its beginning can't be determined. And also being used like a narcotic drug on its own, it's used as an alternative for opium when opium is unavailable, or to moderate opium addiction. In folk medicine, it is often accustomed to tread diarrhea. A little minority of users use kratom to extend sexual intercourse.
Users distinguish various kinds of kratom, two main kinds being distinguished by the colour of veins in the leaf - red or green/white. The green-veined variety is supposed to possess a stronger effect. One study which surveyed Thai kratom users found that most users preferred a combination of both, then red-veined alone and then white-veined alone. Growers in Australia are convinced that both white and red veining occurs at different times in various plants that have been all cloned in the same mother plant. They haven't yet yet undertaken comparisons between your two.
Almost all kratom use is by chewing fresh leaves. Other ways it's taken include grinding up and eating fresh, dried, or reconstituted dried leaves. Some villagers use the leaves in cooking. When preparing fresh leaf, the vein is extracted and often salt is put into try and prevent constipation. Consumption of the leaf is generally followed by drinking something hot, for example tepid to warm water or coffee. Leaves may also be smoked, converted into a tea, or a crude resin extraction can be created. This resin extract is created by preparing a water extract of the leaves, boiling it down, and then shaping it into small balls which are rolled inside a material for example flour, then stored until use. This really is apparently a quite popular approach to consumption.
Users of kratom are usually peasants, laborers, and farmers who make use of the plant to beat the burdens of the effort and meager existences. Female users are apparently quite rare. Age of usage onset appears to be higher than for other drugs. Some studies have found no addiction problems in villagers using kratom, while others apparently have. It seems likely that if used in doses high enough for mu receptor crossover (discussed below), addiction is really a strong possibility. Heavy users may chew kratom between 3 and Ten times a day. While new users may only need a few leaves to get the desired effects, some users find as time passes they need to increase doses to 10-30 leaves or even more daily.
In some areas, it had been asserted parents would decide to give their daughters in marriage to men who used kratom instead of men that used marijuana. The belief is the fact that kratom users are difficult working, while marijuana users are lazy. This belief is also maintained by many people from the users themselves, who report beginning use because of a desire to work more efficiently, and who say using the drug gives them a strong need to do work.
The Thai government passed the Kratom Act 2486 which went into effect on August 3, 1943. This law makes planting the tree illegal as well as existing trees to be cut down. This law wasn't found effective, since the tree is indigenous to the nation. Today, kratom is classed in the same enforcement group as cocaine and heroin by Thai law, and it has exactly the same penalties. One ounce of extract is punishable by death. Just like prohibition laws elsewhere on the planet, this has succeeded limited to increasing underground community prices. An associated species, Mitragyna javanica, is often used as a substitute to get round the law, but it is not regarded as effective. The dominant alkaloid within this species is mitrajavine, that has not yet been pharmacologically tested.
