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Endometriosis

Endometriosis can be a female health disorder that occurs when cells in the lining of the womb (uterus) grow in other areas of the body. The uterine cavity is lined with endometrial cells, which are under the influence of female hormones. Endometrial-like cells in places outside the uterus (endometriosis) are influenced by hormonal changes and respond in a manner that is just like the cells discovered inside the uterus. Symptoms often worsen with the menstrual period.

Endometriosis is normally found during the reproductive years; it is often estimated that endometriosis happens in roughly 6-10% of females. Symptoms may be based upon the site of active endometriosis. Its main but not common indication is pelvic pain in various manifestations. This can lead to pain, irregular bleeding, and issues having a baby (infertility).

Endometriosis impacts females within their reproductive years. The actual prevalence of endometriosis is not known, since many women of all ages may have the condition and have no signs. Endometriosis is estimated to affect over one million females (estimates range from 3% to 18% of females) in the United States. It is one of the main factors behind pelvic pain and reasons for laparoscopic surgery and hysterectomy in this country. Estimates suggest that between 20% to 50% of women being treated for infertility have endometriosis, and up to 81% of women with chronic pelvic pain can be affected.

The reason for endometriosis is unknown. One theory is that the endometrial cells shed when you get your period travel in reverse through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis, where they implant and grow. It is known as retrograde menstruation. This backward menstrual circulation occurs in most women, but experts think the immune system may be different in women with endometriosis.

Endometriosis is common. In some cases, it might run in the family. Although endometriosis is normally diagnosed between ages 25 - 35, the condition probably starts considering the time that regular menstruation begins.

Symptoms:

Pain is the most important symptom of endometriosis. A woman with endometriosis may have:

� Painful periods

� Pain in the lower stomach just before and during menstruation

� Cramps for a week or two before menstruation and during menstruation; cramping pains can be steady and range from flat to severe)

� Pain during or following intercourse

� Pain with bowel movements

� Pelvic or back pain that may happen at any time during the menstrual cycle

Notice: There might be no signs and symptoms. Some women having a large number of tissue implants in their pelvis do not have pain at all, although some women with milder disease have serious pain.

Complications:

Complications of endometriosis contain inner scarring, adhesions, pelvic cysts, chocolate cyst of ovaries, ruptured cysts, and bowel and ureteral obstruction as a result of pelvic adhesions. Infertility can be relevant to scar formation and anatomical distortions due to endometriosis; however, endometriosis might also interfere in more subtle ways: cytokines and other chemical agents might be released that interfere with reproduction. Peritonitis from bowel perforation can occur.

Ovarian endometriosis may complicate pregnancy by decidualization, abscess and/or rupture. Pleural implantations are related to recurrent correct pneumothoraces on occasion of menses, termed catamenial pneumothorax.

Treatment:

Endometriosis can usually be treated with medicines and/or surgery. The goals of endometriosis therapy may include pain relief and/or improvement of fertility. Treatment depends on the following factors:

� Age

� Severity of symptoms

� Severeness of disease

� Whether you desire kids in the future

If you have minor symptoms and do not ever want children, you may choose to have usual tests every 6 - 12 months so the doctor can make sure the disease is not getting worse. You can handle your symptoms by using:

� Exercise and relaxation methods

� Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve), acetaminophen (Tylenol), or prescribed painkillers to relieve cramping and pain.

For many other females, treatments include:

� Medications to control pain

� Hormone medicines to stop the endometriosis from getting worse

� Surgery treatment to remove the areas of endometriosis or the entire uterus and ovaries

Therapy to stop the endometriosis from having worse often involves using birth control pills continuously for 6 - 9 months to prevent you from having periods and create a pregnancy-like state. This is called pseudopregnancy. This treatment uses progesterone and estrogen birth prevention pills. It relieves most endometriosis symptoms. However, it does not avoid scarring or reverse physical changes that have already happened as the result of the endometriosis.