How To Use A Token Economy To Shape Your Child's Behavior.
出典: くみこみックス
A token economic climate is a behavioral modification strategy that was initial employed in mental institutions to reinforce and establish desirable behaviors in their patients. Today you can come across token economies becoming utilized in schools, remedy programs, and some families have discovered its usefulness in shaping their children's behavior. The token economy is a technique in which targeted behaviors are reinforced with tokens (secondary reinforcers) and are later exchanged for rewards (major reinforcers). Tokens can be in the form of fake money, buttons, poker chips, stickers, and so on. Even though rewards can range anywhere from snacks to privileges/actions.
To establish a token economy in your residence 1st you need to identify the behaviors you want your young children to change (desirable behaviors). These behaviors could incorporate completing homework, brushing teeth, coming residence on time, completing chores, not arguing, going to bed without having a hassle, etc. You will want to limit your focus to a maximum of three or four behaviors at a time in order to preserve issues manageable.
Next, make a decision what you will use for tokens. You might want to assign distinct tokens for every single of your young children to decrease the risk of taking every single other's tokens. You will also want to use something that cannot be counterfeited.
Major reinforcers want to be identified and can include such items as snacks, actions, or privileges like watching television, playing at a friends, laptop or computer time, and so on. Now that the desired behaviors are identified, as are the main reinforcers, you will need to have to set a worth for every single of them. That is, when a desired behavior happens how several tokens is it going to be worth. Also, when your youngster wants to exchange the tokens they have earned for a main reinforcer, there will need to be a predetermined worth placed on the primary reinforcer. For example, if mifare card talk your youngster goes the entire day without having fighting with their brother they could earn one or two tokens. As a primary reinforcer you could have playing at a close friends residence. It could cost them thee tokens. The trick is striking the appropriate balance in between what they are earning each day and what they will usually expend on major reinforcers. If tokens come to effortlessly then the primary reinforcers shed their worth. Even though if major reinforcers are priced too high or tokens are also difficult to earn then your child might give up.
Now that you have they system in location you are prepared to implement it. Very first, identify 3 or 4 behaviors you want to reinforce. Then list them and determine how many tokens every single behavior is going to be worth. You may want to put this list on the fridge or some place where it can be simply observed. Subsequent you will determine what will be utilised as main reinforcers and decide how a lot of tokens each and every will price. This list really should be placed some location simply observed as well.
When you catch your children engaging in the behaviors you have identified, reinforce the behavior by supplying the predetermined number of tokens. It is essential to couple the dispersing of tokens with a behavioral description of what you saw and verbal praise. Eventually, you will want to move on to other behaviors that you want to reinforce and will rely solely on verbal praise to sustain previously established behaviors. The reinforcement schedule really should transition from a continuous schedule of reinforcement (1 behavior : 1 token) to a variable ration schedule the mifare cards of reinforcement (3-5 behavior : 1 token). Final you will fade out tokens entirely employing only praise to preserve the behavior. You will then focus on other behaviors and repeat the same pattern.
Your kids will want to be responsible to keep track of and manage the tokens they earn. There will come a time when they will want to obtain a major reinforcers. They really should constantly pay for them prior to being allowed to engage in or partake of primary reinforcers otherwise the program loses its credibility. If they run out of or shed their tokens they simply can not buy a main reinforcer until they have earned enough.
What does this type of a reinforcement system do for your youngsters? It takes away the sense of entitlement a lot of children have right now. Instead of expecting privileges or activities for absolutely nothing on their portion, they now have to earn them by the acquisition of tokens through their good behavior. A token economic climate can aid a child be more responsible and teach them how to manage their resources. Some thing else that it does is teaches youngsters to delay gratification where the globe teaches them to expect and want instant gratification. Lastly, the token economy can be utilized to extinguish misbehaviors and establish positive behaviors.
A token economy will require some work on the component of the parent but the rewards far outweigh the tiny amount of time a parent mifare has to invest in the plan each and every day.
